Release date：2020-2-20
One、Complete the exclusive haze source test for free during the epidemic prevention period
New Coronary Pneumonia Outbreak，National level Ⅰ emergency response，2020In the first month of the year，Chinese people are closed，Press the stop button in daily production and life，Haze continues to erupt in key cities with air pollution，Unexpectedly showed the results of three large-scale free trials of the so-called "polluting industry"。
(1) The factory stopped to prove that pollution has nothing to do with industrial production。
(2) Proof that the car stopped has nothing to do with exhaust emissions。
(3) Proof that the building has stopped has nothing to do with dust at the construction site。
(4) Smashing the coal stove to switch to gas and the closure of the hotel have nothing to do with life emissions。
(5) Prohibition of firecrackers and suspension of entertainment activities have nothing to do with festival celebration。
(6) Press the stop button for social activities of industrial and agricultural production，Only power plants and heating gas boilers that achieve ultra-clean emissions are in operation，Large smog clouds still frequently cover the earth，Haze under cleaner production conditions，Did it fall from the sky?
Exclusive test results：Yes。
two、The four big monsters in China and abroad
First blame：Haze bursts for half a day but relies on continuous micro row
Seven years since the smog broke，The competent expert does not study how the sky smog is generated，But only staring at the direct discharge of pollutants on the ground。Years of facts，From blue sky to smog in half a day，Direct discharge of pollutants did not form the necessary time。Governing haze is like solving a case，If you don’t have time to commit crimes, you must be the murderer，The law enforcer is the murderer。Countless bursts of smog，Extremely important short-term inflection point，But never attracted the attention of experts at home and abroad，No one studied why the smog broke out in a short time. Why? Control haze without studying haze，Governance that leads to wrong symptoms，Often it's hard work and it's counterproductive。
The haze weather is characterized by no wind，No wind is blowing from outside，If there is a long distance directional wind，The smog is gone。Therefore, the fact that the calm weather and smog erupted for a short time proved，"Smog is from outside" and "Urban smog channel" are unreasonable。
Second blame：Obviously achieve ultra-clean emissions but call for too much emissions every year
2012Before 2007, my country's flue gas particulate emission standard was 200mg/m3No smog，2013The annual emission standard is 100mg/m3，Revised and raised national smoke emission standards for five consecutive years，Each time it decreases at an average rate of 50% to the current 10mg/m3the following，Achieve ultra-clean emissions，Why did the smog break out due to the substantial emission reduction of particulate matter? Explain that while significantly reducing emissions，The emission reduction process brings unknown potential side effects。PM2.5、particulates、Direct discharge of trace contaminants such as condensable particles，The proportion in the huge smog cloud is extremely small，During the period of haze formation，Dust displacement of boiler boiler gas online detection and haze of haze clouds，The era of big data is easy to figure out，According to calculation, the total amount of particulate matter in the direct discharge of ground pollutants is ≤5%，Airborne compound evolution of secondary particles ≥95% haze。
It can be seen that the smog is not formed by the direct discharge of pollutants，So "pollution emission intensity is too great"、"Industrial structure is biased"、"Environmental pollution is difficult to return" and "reducing heavy pollution weather"，The key is to reduce the basic emissions" statement is not consistent with the facts，Reduce pollutant emissions by 20 times，There is very little potential for decline，The data shows that workers and civilians use smoke to reduce dust significantly，Why does the competent expert still call out every year that the emissions are too large and deny it?
Third strange：Ten billion research haze fee does not study the haze itself
Think "fog is fog" at home and abroad，Haze is haze，"Fog and haze combine to form haze"，It can't withstand theoretical deliberation and experimental verification，"Fog and haze" formed by the combination of fog and haze，One is the separation of fog and haze under high temperature conditions，The fog rises and the clouds fall to the ground。The second is that smog often occurs in winter，Because atmospheric inversion often occurs in winter，Below zero in the air，Pure fog and haze formed ice and fell to the ground。Therefore, the combination of fog and haze will not form a cloud of haze! This shows，The haze monomer component is not just the haze and moisture of acid salts，There must be another chemical component mixed in，Over the past seven years, the state has allocated tens of billions of scientific research funds，Why is there no single chemical composition used to study the smog itself? Even the haze monomer is composed of several chemical components.，Mandatory implementation of multiple batches of "strong men's broken wrists" self-harm actions，Joint prevention and control of light and heavy industry large-scale suspension of production and limited production，Haven't you stopped the haze or reduced it by one grade at a time?，How can we win the blue sky defense battle?
Fourth strange：Knowing that the windy haze disappeared but not studying the principle for the haze control
Seven years of strange phenomenon，People have repeatedly seen the fact that the windy haze quickly disappeared，This principle can in turn be used to cure smog，Why are thousands of scientific research institutes nationwide，Didn't an officially funded scientific research unit study?
Haze is divided into two types: urban gas haze and industrial coal haze，The origin of my country's smog is that large-scale emission increase was triggered by simultaneous online testing in 2013，It has never attracted the attention of experts at home and abroad，Has strong adsorption，Quickly adsorb acid and alkali gases in the atmosphere in calm weather，It spreads like a drip in water，Causes large-scale acid-alkali synthesis in the air。in turn，The principle of windy smog disappearing，It is the rapid friction between the micro-charged smog particles，Positive and negative charge cancellation，Separation of non-condensable gas (carbon dioxide produced by combustion and 78% nitrogen in air) that loses its micro-electric adsorption，Water evaporation，Haze，The smog disappeared。Scientific Research Achievements of the Origin of Haze and New Ideas for Haze Control：
(1) On May 26, 2014, the website of the Development Research Center of the State Council published a column titled "Away the Haze and See the Blue Sky"。
(2) In 2017, the State Council’s internal reference [Guo Shi] 12th issue of "Expert Perspective" was published。
(3) In September 2014, the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference requested that the competent department organize experts to hold a seminar。
(4) On the causes and symptomatic treatment of urban gas haze and industrial coal-fired haze，For details, see "China's 100 Questions on Haze Control"。
three、Haze source puzzle
1. Flue gas test results without desulfurization
Experiments were conducted on flue gas emissions without desulfurization，Standard design when 130 ℃ flue gas is discharged directly，Keep distance between chemical components at high temperature，No acidification reaction，The exhaust chimney is in a separated state，Clouds above water vapor，Dust falling，The test results solved the mystery that the dust emission was large before 2012 but could not form a haze。
2. Haze source exploration
Findings from many large companies，The desulfurization project of my country's power plants has been built since 2005，Although most of the desulfurization equipment was installed before 2012，Due to high power consumption、Noisy、High operating cost、Management troubles and other reasons，The phenomenon of starting and stopping conversion (opening and stopping for a long time) during environmental inspection and non-inspection is common。
Nationwide desulfurization flue gas was put into online testing at the end of 2012，Chimney sulfur dioxide、Nitrogen oxides、Dust emissions have dropped significantly，Desulfurization to prevent acid rain really protects the atmospheric environment。
Summarize and analyze emissions testing and draw conclusions，The dust emission of light and heavy industrial production in the country is greatly reduced without any increase，Any significant reduction in volume must not be the main cause of smog。The only increment never caught the attention of experts at home and abroad，It is a large amount of water sprayed by flue gas desulfurization to cool down and increase alkaline substances。
Governance haze "black under lights"，At home and abroad, it is generally believed that desulfurization is perfect，Tried and tested，Any medicine has side effects，Desulfurization is no exception，Desulfurization eliminates atmospheric acid rain，Accident brought smog、Aerosol、Secondary disaster with PM2.5 exceeding standard，It’s just that people have not yet discovered and agreed，Causal relationship between desulfurization, large amount of water spraying to reduce temperature and increase of alkaline substances, and calm weather fog and haze explosion。
3. Causes of light haze
People often find flue gas after desulfurization，Clear day，The haze becomes a "big white dragon" or even a "double white dragon"，This is the formation of low-temperature wet flue gas by desulfurization and spray water cooling，The formation of water into the acid-alkaline synthesis salt (PM2.5)。
Boiler high temperature dry flue gas，After desulfurization, a large amount of water spray drops to 42~60℃ low temperature wet flue，Lime water or ammonia water for desulfurization are alkaline substances，Low temperature water sticks acidic flue gas and desulfurized alkaline substances together，Synthesis of salts by airborne acidification。Five chemical components of low temperature wet flue gas：Acid flue gas、Alkaline substance、Water mist、Dust and nitrogen。Low temperature wet smoke is blown into the air by the fan，Water and acid-alkali synthesis haze，Five chemical components turned into fog、Three types of haze and nitrogen，The acid-base combination triggered by desulfurization can only form a slight pollution。
4. Origin of Heavy Haze
Boiler flue gas passes through electric dust removal and wet power，Carry static electricity with strong adsorption，The chimney spread out by the fan，Acidification to synthesize a small amount of pollutants。In the absence of wind and inversion of the atmosphere，Smoke electrostatic suction，As if attracting iron，Quickly discharge the original high temperature clean acid gas into the atmosphere、Alkaline substance、Water mist、Adsorption and combination of dust and inert gas，Combined electrostatically charged haze nitrogen combination，And quickly spread in all directions，Initiate round after round of acid-base reaction and replacement reaction，Sort by volume，Generate VOC、Sulfate、Ammonium salt、Nitrate、Carbonate、Complex acid salt pollutants such as nitrogen oxides，Among them, the ammonium salt is generated by the desulfurization of ammonia alkaline material and acid flue gas in the air。
It turns out，The electrostatic suction and static weather are the key to the haze eruption，The combined amount of air is several dozen times or even hundreds of times greater than the dust content of flue gas，Continuous electrostatic adsorption and combination generate huge secondary pollutants，Rapid formation of smog clouds。
5. Haze related puzzle
(1) Why did the haze erupt from January 2013? Because the national desulfurization was all invested in online monitoring，Causes hundreds of times of low-temperature wet flue gas to increase emissions，Plus the simultaneous occurrence of calm weather。
(2) Haze from fog、Haze and inert gas form a stable bond，So the light fog can't get on the clouds，No wind and haze can't fall。
(3) Why do winter haze occur frequently? Although the high temperature in summer is conducive to the combination of acid and alkali，But the key to triggering the haze is the inversion of the atmosphere，Because of the cliff cooling in winter，Extremely prone to atmospheric inversion。
(4) Why can't ultra-low emissions reduce haze? The ultra-low emissions once again reduced the chimney's minimal dustiness，But it has greatly increased the water and alkaline substances required for the haze eruption，Therefore, ultra-low emissions can not only reduce haze，Instead, it exacerbates the smog。
(5) Jinan、Haze in Xuzhou and other places，Why is the haze of the central urban area often higher than that of industrial pollution areas? This is because a large amount of heat energy in industrial areas carries contaminants to the upper air after cooling，Formed by descending deposits in low temperature areas。
(6) Why did the windy smog disappear? Above level 3 wind or atmospheric convection，Because the electrostatic suction of flue gas is much less than the power of airflow，The wind will quickly rub between the haze，Positive and negative charge cancellation，The moisture is dried，霾与惰性气体失去水的粘合，雾升霾降重见蓝天。
（7）雾霾爆发三要素：低温湿烟气排放、静稳气象条件、空中吸附酸碱化合，三者缺一不可。
（8）雾霾污染物来源：直排的粉尘≤1%，空中原始酸碱化合物≤4%，空中吸附酸碱化合污染物≥95%。
four、雾霾成因验证
山东省科学院科技发展战略所副所长周勇博士，2019年4月在《科学与管理》第39卷发表《雾霾大爆发的根本原因：湿法脱硫取消GGH引发PM2.5粒数暴增》文章，这一官方科研机构，用济南市多年环保统计数据刻画出雾霾突变年份，从雾霾爆发拐点，找出并验证雾霾是2013年初全面投入在线检测的湿法脱硫造成的。
我们调研发现，全国脱硫如果引用发达国家为烟气加热的GGH，总投资和每年运行成本在三千亿元以上，因为工程投资大、设备酸腐蚀易坏和每年运行成本太高，我国企业不愿用。
Fives、对症治霾
1. 污染源成分剖析
治霾首先要找准霾源，Remedy，才能药到霾除。从烟囱排放的五种化学成分来分析：
（1）燃烧就有酸性烟气排放，无法去掉。
（2）脱硫碱性物质是工艺需要，不能省去。
（3）超净排放污染物已微乎其微，可忽略。
（4）惰性气体不参与化学反应，不必考虑。
（5）只有烟气含水率，可多可少，眼睛看见的“大白龙”就是水雾。
烟气大白龙形成能源浪费、水资源浪费和环境污染，垃圾是放错位置的资源，根据能量守恒定律，热量既不能凭空产生，也不会凭空消失，排到大气中的水汽，虽然无压、温度低，却蕴含着大量宝贵热能，对症治霾是根据雾霾发生的机理，将高温烟气废热回收利用，再将脱硫后的“大白龙”除湿脱白，具有节能、Water saving、治霾等一举多得的成效，“工业废汽变宝”实现“城乡采暖微耗能”。
2. 低碳治霾新思路
烟汽排出烟囱之所以能迅速上升，是因为它含有大量的热能，若将热量回收，蒸汽冷却成液态水，轻松实现废水零排放，所以选择热能利用的低碳治霾模式，是打赢蓝天保卫战的最佳治霾方略。
低碳治霾技术早已成功应用，安装在除尘后的高温烟道上，用特殊结构解决酸性水腐蚀破坏烟道等热工技术难题，同时解决“无法用和无处用”的工企管理难题，将烟气中水蒸汽热量回收，水汽冷凝成液态水处理后，作为补充水送脱硫塔循环利用。项目中试结果，燃气锅炉烟气80~90%热量回收和同比例的酸性水排出烟道。脱硫因工艺特定的温度限制，只能将脱硫前高温烟气50~60%余热回收，进塔热量减少导致脱硫大幅减少了补水量，从而塔内产汽量大减，酸性冷凝水处理后循环利用。
低碳治霾从源头上实现烟气节能微排效果，用中国智慧开辟“锅炉减一条低温湿烟气排放，天空少一片霾源化合演变”的低碳治霾新路。
six、低碳治霾建议
1. 建议成立国务院治霾办
为迅速打赢蓝天保卫战，必须打破现有机构限制，将节能、治霾、城市生态文明建设和保障百姓心身健康紧密融为一体，治霾办公开招聘持有独立治霾专项科研成果的人才，组成不受现有职衔约束的优胜劣汰的治霾科研中心。
2. 节能潜力
低碳治霾消除轻重工业各种冒汽浪费的“大小白龙”，显著节能效益可完成国家下达的五年节能减排任务。
3. 治霾模式
项目实施可采用合同能源管理模式，用十年废热利用的节能经济效益当作工程投资。只要政府高度重视，引进低碳治霾技术，针对城区霾源，集中精力组织实施，将大气污染重点城市突出重围，彻底摆脱雾霾困扰，二至三年就能完成打赢蓝天保卫战的政治任务。
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2020年2月20日
