Three key factors should be grasped in the current haze control-Interview with Dr. He Ping, President of International China Environment Foundation
Release date：2020-04-8
Editor's Note：This article is reproduced from the China Science and Technology Network report on March 31, "The current three key factors should be grasped in the control of haze-Interview with Dr. He Ping, President of the International China Environmental Foundation
Spring is coming，The weather improves，But the topic of smog in China is still hot。Although in recent years, the Chinese government has made great efforts to control the smog，And achieved great results，But in places like North China and Fenwei Plain, there are still smogs。After ultra-low emissions from major industries，How to carry out in-depth treatment of air pollution more effectively? On this issue，Science and Technology Daily reporter interviewed Dr. He Ping, President of the United States International China Environment Foundation。
Three factors related to smog cannot be ignored
Dr. He Ping has long been concerned about China's atmospheric governance，In-depth research on the causes and governance of domestic smog。He pointed out that，The smog in China, especially in Beijing, is mainly related to particulate matter (dust)、Sulfur dioxide、Nitrogen oxides、Atmospheric humidity、Aerosol and ammonia content in the atmosphere，The last three factors are more critical。
He Ping said，Atmospheric humidity is related to human emissions (mainly agricultural irrigation and industrial water vapor)，Especially in areas where industry is concentrated，Anthropogenic emissions have a greater impact on the local atmospheric environment，Water vapor aerosol will form under static atmospheric conditions，Thick local clouds，Forming a lid over the city，So that pollutants cannot diffuse freely；And the aerosol in the atmosphere is solid、The liquid small particles are uniformly dispersed in the gas，In fact, fog and haze are liquid aerosols and solid aerosols。Large domestic coal consumption，The content of fine condensable particles in coal-burning soot is large，Is an important source of aerosol solutes，It is also the focus of China's air pollution control；Ammonia is the only high concentration alkaline gas in the atmosphere，Reacts with acid gases such as sulfur and nitric acid，It is an important reason for the formation of secondary particles in the process of air pollution。In recent years,，The content of ammonia in the atmosphere of North China increased significantly。Sulphate in PM2.5 in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei in recent years、The proportion of nitrate and ammonia is high，Is related to the ammonia content in the atmosphere。
Should start with three factors for in-depth governance
He Ping said，China has spent a lot of time on smog control in recent years，Also achieved good results。now，After most industrial emissions are ultra-low，particulates、There is little room for further reduction of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides，To manage smog more effectively，You need to change your mind，From controlling water vapor emissions、Start with aerosol and ammonia emissions。
He Ping thinks，The first is to pay attention to the recovery of industrial water vapor。Analysis of water vapor emissions in various industries，Take active measures to recover this part of water vapor，This aspect is beneficial to eliminate the adverse effects of water vapor on the urban atmosphere/meteorological environment，On the other hand, it can reduce salt particles and pollutants discharged with water vapor。Another benefit of water vapor recovery is reusable water，Reduce total industrial water use，Reduce business costs。
The second is to devote great efforts to control the colored plume。He Ping pointed out，Colored plume contains both water vapor，It also contains a huge amount of solid aerosol，They are mixed together，Is the source of smog，Not just power plants，Chimneys that emit wet fumes in all industries，Must govern，This is an insurmountable hurdle。"The colored plume is the smog generator，The treatment of colored plumes is to grasp the bull nose of the smog problem"，He Ping said。
The third is to control ammonia emissions。He Ping said，To reduce the secondary generation of particulate matter，Limiting ammonia emissions is imperative。Industrial ammonia emissions should be thoroughly investigated，Pay special attention to the problem of ammonia escape in denitrification。Relevant departments need a more comprehensive assessment of the level of ammonia slip，To develop targeted policies，Use the right technology，Control ammonia emissions。
Haze treatment must choose scientific methods and technologies
He Ping said，The smog control cannot be achieved overnight，Need to choose scientific methods and technologies，Long-term persistence can achieve lasting results。
He Ping thinks，At present, the water vapor recovery technology in the industrial industry is relatively mature，As long as the relevant management department puts forward clear requirements，And supported by a solid policy，Not too difficult；For the management of colored plumes，The main problem is the lack of understanding、Imperfect standards and immature technology。In addition to temperature and humidity，Pollutant index，If the total amount of condensable particulate matter or the total amount of soluble particulate matter is included in the colored smoke plume management index，To make the goal clearer。And in the choice of technology path，Condensation plus waste heat recovery should be the direction，Both have good environmental benefits，Also has a good economic return；For the treatment of ammonia emissions，You should first make the ammonia escape standard a mandatory indicator，Promote enterprises to reduce ammonia slip through improved process measures；The second is in the non-electricity industry that has not yet implemented ultra-low emissions，In areas with low levels of nitrogen oxide emissions，Appropriate reduction of nitrogen oxide emission requirements，To reduce the amount of ammonia；In addition, the use of ammonia-free denitration technology。
He Ping said，The occurrence and eruption of smog depends on multiple factors，At present, we have passed ultra-low emissions，Control three indicators (particulate matter、Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides)，And further control the smog，Then take comprehensive measures，Pollution factors beyond the three indicators，Atmospheric humidity、Aerosol and ammonia content in the atmosphere。Believe in a solid policy、scientific methods，After continuous efforts，Blue sky will come back。
Editor：Chang Lijun
