From the beginning of autumn 2020 to March 2021，17 large-scale smog occurred in North China，Including heavy smog in North China on New Year’s Eve in 2021 and during the "Two Sessions"。Beijing Winter Olympics、The Paralympics will be 2022 In Beijing from February to March、Hosted in Zhangjiakou，The time is the winter heating period in North China，Frequent periods of heavy pollution。This year 2，3month，The air quality index (AQI) in Beijing has been listed as lightly polluted or above for 9 days and 20 days，As AQI cannot fully represent the actual haze situation，From the perception of the residents，It has been in a state of obvious smog for more than half of the two months。

2021During the two sessions (3/5-10) Smog in Beijing

2008The "Olympic Blue" of 2015 left a deep impression，The main measure is the large-scale suspension of work and production restrictions in the surrounding areas of Beijing。 Can the 2022 “Winter Olympic Blue” be achieved through temporary and large-scale production shutdown measures like in 2008? From the current situation, it is difficult to do。

first of all，2008 The "Olympics" was held in August of that year，And the 2022 Winter Olympics will be 2，3Held in month，2，3The month is more prone to smog than August。second，Pollutants and pollution are formed in different ways now，2008The main pollutants in the atmosphere in the year are traditional pollutants (sulfur nitrate dust)，And the amount of industrial water vapor emissions at that time was far less than it is now，Direct emissions are the main cause of air pollution，The quality of the atmospheric environment can be improved by stopping work and limiting production；At present, traditional pollutants have dropped significantly，The main impact on haze is non-traditional pollutants (condensable pollutants)，Ammonia and VOCs)，The current industrial water vapor emissions have far exceeded 2008，Although air pollution is still related to direct emissions，But the formation of heavy haze is under unfavorable atmospheric diffusion conditions，By residual traditional pollutants，Condensable particulate matter，ammonia，VOCs and water vapor are combined in the atmosphere for the second time。

Currently in North China，It is the norm to stop work and limit production in autumn and winter，But the improvement of air pollution is very limited。2020During the Chinese New Year epidemic, it was the best experiment，Most production，Life is at a standstill，Only power plant，Heating boilers and a few heavy industries are in operation，Smog still comes frequently，And during the "Winter Olympics" next year，Power plant，Heating boilers and a few heavy industries still cannot be shut down，Others such as dining，The suspension of traffic is unlikely to reach the level during the epidemic，Therefore, the resurgence of large-scale smog is a high probability event.。

IFCE experts noticed，The smog outbreak in China started with the implementation of “wet desulfurization” on a large scale in 2013。At present, the "wet desulfurization" process widely adopted in the treatment of sulfur dioxide in power plants and industrial boilers，From Europe、Introduced from Japan，However, an important device-flue gas warmer has been removed from the application in my country.，Lead to low temperature of flue gas after desulfurization、Low altitude，High humidity emissions，Above the chimney forms a large

Amount of "white plume"，It contains a large amount of condensable particulate matter CPM and water vapor，The laboratory of Harbin Institute of Technology has measured that the number of fine particles after desulfurization is 400 times that before desulfurization! According to Beijing，On-site monitoring by Shanghai Environmental Research Institute，In the white plume emitted by power plants that achieve ultra-low emissions，Have an average CPM of 13.93 mg/m3，CPM is not included in the current particulate detection and control indicators (the ultra-low particulate matter standard is 10 mg，Excluding CPM)。These days the amount of ultrafine particles (tens of millions per cubic centimeter)，With the white plume of the chimney into the atmosphere，Under the influence of atmospheric humidity，Condense and grow up，Becomes PM2.5。

Low temperature of flue gas after wet desulfurization、Low altitude，High humidity emissions

2015Implementation of ultra-low emissions after the year，Reduce the impact of white plumes to a certain extent，But did not fundamentally solve the problem。 And the implementation of ultra-low denitrification (control of nitrogen oxides)， But it brings another problem-the ammonia content in the atmosphere rises。Current mainstream denitration technology，Uses ammonia as a reducing agent。In order to achieve ultra-low control indicators much higher than those in Europe and America，A large amount of ammonia injection in coal-fired enterprises，The power system alone emits more than 1.3 million tons of ammonia into the atmosphere every year，With the promotion of ultra-low standards to non-electrical industries，Ammonia emissions are out of control! Ammonia is a prerequisite for gaseous pollutants to form PM2.5，This ammonia reacts with gases such as nitric acid or sulfuric acid，Sulfate formation、Nitrate，Ammonia etc.，Greatly increase the PM2.5 concentration in the atmosphere。

Research by the Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences shows，The atmospheric ammonia content in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is significantly high

The traditional view is that agriculture and animal husbandry are the main sources of ammonia emissions，But the latest research findings from the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences，In urban areas，Non-agricultural (including electricity，industry，waste，And motor vehicles)’s ammonia emissions have accounted for 66%，"North China is the largest'hot spot' for ammonia in my country，Abnormally high concentration，Wide space coverage"。Ammonia used in agriculture has been relatively stable for decades，Burning coal、Ammonia emissions caused by ultra-low denitrification of gas boilers are the main reason for the increase in ammonia content in the atmosphere。A team of top Chinese and British scientists jointly studied Beijing’s air pollution and its impact on human health，And published the final report in February this year，Pointed out that "cutting ammonia emissions can significantly reduce Beijing's PM2.5 concentration"。
The emission of a large amount of industrial water vapor is another key factor in the formation and outbreak of smog，Currently ignored。Nationwide，The amount of water vapor discharged into the sky by the "white plume" after wet desulfurization is about 2 billion tons，The cooling tower discharges about 5.4 billion tons of water，Plus the use of non-electric industries and natural gas，The total industrial water vapor emissions are about 15 billion tons per year，These water vapors in the northern urban areas in winter，Can increase the relative humidity by about 20%，Causes PM2.5 to rise。At the same time, these water vapor (containing heat at the same time) and the entrained fine particles are concentrated and discharged around the city.，Thicken local clouds，Due to the extinction effect of wet water-soluble ionic particles，The atmospheric boundary layer blocks the sun's rays from reaching the ground，Low surface temperature，Form an inversion environment，At the same time, these industrial water vapors have heat，Above ambient temperature，Condensation when cold at high altitude，Release heat，Increase the temperature in the sky，It also contributes to the formation of inversion weather。High humidity、Quiet、Temperature inversion worsens atmospheric diffusion conditions，Magnified and exacerbated the smog。

Power plant cooling tower water vapor affects local atmospheric diffusion conditions

The daily amount of natural gas used for heating in Beijing exceeds 100 million cubic meters，The amount of water vapor released into the atmosphere exceeds 160,000 tons。In quiet，In an inversion environment，This water vapor is released into the main urban area of ​​Beijing 1 000 km2、In the atmosphere within a height of 200 m，Each cubic meter of air will add 0.75 g of water vapor per day，Have a greater impact on the relative humidity of the air in Beijing，Thus exacerbating the smog。

The causes of these smog outbreaks and long-term cure，Has been discussed in China for a long time，But the environmental authorities did not pay attention，Did not take active measures to solve。Even if 11 provinces and cities issued local regulations in 2018，Requires governance of "white plume"， Also stopped by the Ministry of Environmental Protection! Official in charge of atmospheric governance，Is the relevant person who allowed to cancel the flue gas temperature riser that year，Unwilling to correct mistakes，And take a boycott。Some of the mainstream experts with the right to speak are those who introduced the "wet desulfurization" process and agreed to cancel the flue gas temperature riser.，Unwilling to face reality，Instead, it suppresses dissenting opinions，Leading to the folk "talking about white change"，Everyone avoids this topic，Other experts have relatively aging knowledge，Theory divorced from reality，Rely on digital models，Don't understand the process，The conclusion reached does not match the actual situation。In the “Project on the Causes and Governance of Heavy Air Pollution” supported by the Prime Minister’s Fund，Because of the control of these experts，There is no subject research "white plume"，Industrial ammonia emissions and the impact of water vapor，So the research funding of 500 million has been spent，No practical help for smog control。Strong sector power system，In order to protect the interests of the department，It resists any in-depth governance measures other than ultra-low emissions，Experts in the department continue to publish articles to defend，Confuse。

Then，How to in about half a year，Take some measures to alleviate the environmental pressure during the Winter Olympics next year? According to the experience of governance over the past few years，Lowest cost to control "white plume"，The most effective method is waste heat recovery and utilization，Through waste heat recovery，Enterprises can achieve pollution control，Water saving，Multiple benefits of reducing carbon and increasing income，It is also unanimously encouraged by the Development and Reform Commission，Have ready-made technology and subsidy funds，It's just that there is no mandatory requirement。Coal burning in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region，Waste heat from flue gas of gas-fired power plants and non-electric enterprises，Water vapor recovery，Can solve the main problem。As for reducing the amount of ammonia in the atmosphere，Return the denitration standard to the ultra-low level，Companies can use a lot less ammonia，The ammonia content naturally drops。But these simple measures，Save face in officials，Experts guarantee authority，Under the environment of departmental protection，But difficult to implement。2020 China will win many medals at the Winter Olympics，However, the smog as scheduled may cause the Winter Olympics to be in a difficult situation due to atmospheric environmental problems.。